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佛光大學
Fo Guang University
教學計畫表 Syllabus

課程中文名稱

Course Name in Chinese

台灣近代社會經濟史專題

課號

Course Code

CHSH501900

課程英文名稱

Course Name in English

Seminar on social and economic history of modern Taiwan

學年/學期

Academic Yeas/Semester

114 /1

開課單位/學門別

Department/Academic Discipline

人文暨社會科學學院碩士班

學制別

Degree

碩士班

學分數

Credits

每週授課時數

Weekly Hours of Instruction

修別

Type

選修 Elective

課/學程別

Program

課程分流

學術型

課程內容

Curriculum attribute

■跨領域	■SDG 1 終結貧窮：消除各地一切形式的貧窮	■SDG 9 工業化、創新及基礎建設：建立具有韌性的基礎建設，促進包容且永續的工業，並加速創新
■自學力	■SDG 2 消除飢餓：確保糧食安全，消除飢餓，促進永續農業	■SDG 10 減少不平等：減少國內及國家間的不平等
■一般課程	■SDG 8 合適的工作及經濟成長：促進包容且永續的經濟成長，讓每個人都有一份好工作

AI暨智慧永續發展

AI暨智慧課程:AI入門課程永續發展課程: 智慧永續入門課程

16+2課程

否

教學方法

Instructional Strategies

■講授

■分組討論

授課教師

Instructor

莊濠賓

聯絡方式

hbjhuang@mail.fgu.edu.tw

03-9871000 #

上課時間/地點

Time of Class/Location of Class

二.5,6,7(218)

先修課程

Prerequisites

課程描述（若為實務型課程需含搭配產業界或非營利組織需求之說明）

Course Description

壹、臺灣的發展自荷治時期，經歷明鄭、清朝、日治至戰後，在不同階段的發展不一，在荷治時期，臺灣就已步入國際市場的網絡，尤其是經濟項目，更受到國際因素的影響。從最初的鹿皮、砂糖、稻米，樟腦，及清末的茶葉，到戰後的工業產品，臺灣的發展與經濟息息相關，因此本課程的設計即是從臺灣近現代重要的經濟產品或政策來進行教授。從清代中期開始，臺灣各地的經濟圈逐漸因為交通便利而被整合，形成南北兩大經濟圈，商品經濟的熱絡交易消弭了不同族群間的械鬥；而到日本時代後，殖民政權覬覦臺灣的山林寶藏，以武力強勢征服原住民族。在產業方面，砂糖與蓬萊米成為全島最主要的產業，臺灣成為殖民母國的原料供應地，不過隨著經濟逐漸發展，臺灣的工業化也在1930年代啟動，經濟不僅影響生活，也推動著社會的前進。
貳、戰後的工業化與都市化的發展，與經濟奇蹟幾為等號，這一論述多為經濟史的教科書論點。在許多的考量下，土地改革成為戰後臺灣最重要的社會變革，間接加快了工業化的進程，工業與經濟重心迅速往北移動，都市化的發展正是以鄉鎮或農村的衰退為代價。因此，學生有必要更加了解臺灣的經濟發展如何發展，及各個階段主要產業的發展，及民間企業與政府政策的互動之影
響，對社會的深層變化為何。
參、本課程之目標，在於以1860年代臺灣開港為始，針對各時期主要的產業或作物來進行歷史探討，透過課堂教授與討論，培養學生經濟史的概念，並觀察社會脈動的變化。

課程目標（若為實務型課程請具體描述該課程所要培養之實務能力)

Course Objectives

序號	目標描述
1	理解台灣近現代歷史發展脈絡
2	理解社會變化與經濟發展之關聯
3	具備經濟史研究方法之能力
4	具備對台灣史經典文獻解讀、分析之能力
5	具備寫作、表達之能力

授課進度表

Weekly Schedule

週次	內容	備註
1	清領初期的治臺與移民社會1683年臺灣為清政府所佔領，對於中國沿海居民而言，黑水溝是危險至極的，但尋求新天地的動力驅使他們前仆後繼渡海來臺。不同族群與來臺的先後，為臺灣其後二百餘年埋下了紛爭的火種。在這裡，除了講授清初臺灣社會的歷史外，也要求學生思考，現今臺灣社會的族群分布與現況與清領初期來臺有何關聯，如「先來後到」、「族群械鬥」、「原鄉生活」等論點。In 1683, Taiwan was occupied by the Qing government. For the coastal residents of China, the Black Water Channel was extremely dangerous, but the motivation to seek a new world drove them to cross the sea to Taiwan. The different ethnic groups and the order of arrival in Taiwan sowed the seeds of conflict for more than 200 years. Here, in addition to teaching the history of Taiwanese society in the early Qing Dynasty, students are also required to think about how the ethnic distribution and current situation of Taiwanese society today are related to the early Qing Dynasty arrival in Taiwan, such as "first come, first served", "ethnic fighting", "native life" and other arguments.
2	一個天下，兩個林家：家族勢力的出現在清代，板橋林家與霧峰林家無疑是臺灣最具實力的兩大家族，他們的發跡與時代的機緣密不可分。霧峰林家雖以軍功為主，但也仰賴撫墾事物來累積資本，一旦由軍功家族轉為文治家族後，家族產也隨之轉變；板橋林家的發跡，與商業貿易更為密切，它們同樣戰功顯赫，但商業經營範圍更廣，其家族勢力更能跨越時代與政權，因此有必要讓學生理解臺灣大家族在歷史中的重要性與作用。One world, two Lin families: the emergence of family power In the Qing Dynasty, the Banqiao Lin family and the Wufeng Lin family were undoubtedly the two most powerful families in Taiwan. Their rise was inseparable from the opportunities of the times. Although the Wufeng Lin family was mainly based on military merit, they also relied on reclamation to accumulate capital. Once they changed from a military merit family to a civil family, their family assets also changed accordingly; the rise of the Banqiao Lin family was more closely related to business and trade. They also had outstanding military merits, but their business operations were wider, and their family power could transcend time and regime. Therefore, it is necessary to let students understand the importance and role of Taiwan's big families in history.
3	從移墾社會到定居社會經過百餘年的發展，從羅漢腳到械鬥頻繁，臺灣社會付出了慘痛代價，不過隨著各地開發日增，南北兩大經濟圈逐漸形成，械鬥也逐漸減少，原先以武功為主的開墾社會逐漸轉為文教社會。「內地化」與「土著化」的理論紛爭仍可供學生思考開港前夕臺灣社會的狀況；另外，隨著開墾土地的增加，漢人的腳步快速的往東部的噶瑪蘭及山區前進，吳沙的開蘭史固然為漢人尋得更多的天地，卻也使原住民流離失所。歷次劃定的番界更是漢人步步進逼下的產物。After more than a hundred years of development, from the practice of squatting to frequent armed conflicts, Taiwanese society has paid a heavy price. However, with the increasing development of various regions, the two major economic circles in the north and south have gradually formed, and armed conflicts have gradually decreased. The original reclamation society, which was mainly based on martial arts, has gradually turned into a cultural and educational society. The theoretical disputes between "mainlandization" and "indigenization" can still be used by students to think about the situation of Taiwanese society on the eve of the opening of the port. In addition, with the increase in cultivated land, the footsteps of the Han people quickly moved to the eastern Kavalan and mountainous areas. Wu Sha's history of opening up the land has certainly found more space for the Han people, but it has also displaced the aborigines. The demarcation of the aboriginal boundaries in various times is the product of the Han people's step-by-step approach.
4	開港與建省：商品經濟與物質生活的成長臺灣開港以後已然躍上世界的貿易舞臺，外國商人紛紛來臺尋覓適合的商品，茶葉與樟腦的地位逐漸重要。在這裡，帶領學生了解到開港與建省所造成的政治影響，以及整個中國的對外貿易，透過中國此時的對外貿易，來理解臺灣的貿易腳色。而後，當對外貿易展開時，物質生活應該也會相對地提高，當時的臺灣人是勤儉持家還是窮極奢華？Opening the port and establishing the province: the commodity economy and the growth of material life After opening the port, Taiwan has already jumped onto the world trade stage. Foreign merchants have come to Taiwan to look for suitable commodities. Tea and camphor have gradually become more important. Here, we lead students to understand the political impact of opening the port and establishing the province, as well as China's foreign trade as a whole. Through China's foreign trade at that time, we can understand Taiwan's trade role. Later, when foreign trade was launched, material life should have improved relatively. Were Taiwanese people at that time frugal or extravagant?
5	茶、糖、樟腦開港後臺灣的商品是甚麼？除了稻米外，茶葉在開港後快速的躍上臺灣舞臺。除了茶葉外，南部的砂糖也使高雄陳家獲得發展的契機。臺灣人從何時開始種甘蔗、製糖？砂糖的魅力何在？山林裡的寶藏樟腦，在當時的世界是炙手可熱的商品，臺灣樟腦更是其中翹楚，不僅品質佳，產量更是世界第一，也因此受到外國勢力的覬覦，由此而爆發了戰爭。茶、糖、樟腦也能看出區域史發展的過程，如北部山區的開發、中部山區的開發等。Tea, sugar, camphor What were the commodities of Taiwan after the opening of the port? In addition to rice, tea quickly jumped onto the stage of Taiwan after the opening of the port. In addition to tea, sugar from the south also gave the Chen family in Kaohsiung an opportunity to develop. When did Taiwanese people start growing sugarcane and making sugar? What is the charm of sugar? Camphor, a treasure in the mountains and forests, was a hot commodity in the world at that time. Taiwanese camphor was the leader among them. Not only was it of good quality, but its output was the highest in the world. As a result, it was coveted by foreign forces, and wars broke out. Tea, sugar, and camphor can also reflect the development process of regional history, such as the development of the northern mountainous areas and the development of the central mountainous areas.
6	動盪的1895與臺灣民主國 1895年，臺灣被日本佔領，以此年為界限，將從1884年的中法戰爭開始講起，中法戰爭加快臺灣的建設，劉銘傳的主政也為臺灣開啟現代化，即使他的政績仍為人所爭論，但這仍顯示在建省之後，臺灣從帝國的邊陲被提高至七省的門戶；1895年的割臺，清政府戰敗，激發了臺灣人抗日的決心，臺灣民主國於焉誕生。The turbulent 1895 and the Republic of Taiwan In 1895, Taiwan was occupied by Japan. Taking this year as the boundary, we will start from the Sino-French War of 1884. The Sino-French War accelerated the construction of Taiwan. Liu Mingchuan's administration also opened up Taiwan's modernization. Even though his political achievements are still debated, it still shows that after the establishment of the province, Taiwan was promoted from the border of the empire to the gateway of the seven provinces; the cession of Taiwan in 1895 and the defeat of the Qing government inspired the determination of the Taiwanese to resist Japan, and the Republic of Taiwan was born.
7	日本殖民政府來臺的基礎建設 1895年的乙未抗日失敗，使臺灣淪為日本的殖民地。日本覬覦臺灣從荷治時代即已開始，為的是臺灣豐富的物產與地理位置，不過由於臺灣此時仍是個前近代化的社會，各項建設尚不足夠，為能順利統治，必須在硬體與政策上加以改造成供應殖民母國的原料基地。因此本周的重點，在於使學生理解日本在臺初期的各項建設，以及所造成的影響，如交通建設、衛生治理、舊慣調查等，並使臺灣具備步入現代化社會。The Japanese colonial government's infrastructure construction in Taiwan The failure of the 1895 Japanese invasion led to Taiwan becoming a colony of Japan. Japan had coveted Taiwan since the Dutch colonial era because of Taiwan's rich resources and geographical location. However, since Taiwan was still a pre-modern society at that time, various constructions were not sufficient. In order to successfully rule, it was necessary to transform the hardware and policies into a base for supplying raw materials to the colonial motherland. Therefore, the focus of this week is to make students understand the various constructions of Japan in Taiwan in the early days, as well as the impacts caused, such as transportation construction, health management, and old customs investigation, and to enable Taiwan to enter a modern society.
8	臺灣總督府的治臺與殖民經濟為要順利治理臺灣，日本人除了大量進行基礎建設外，也廣泛地針對臺灣人進行調查。但要治理臺灣人，不僅是須從基礎建設著手，文化的改造、教育的推動也都是要項；另一方面，統治體制的確立，並將統治力量深入民間，實施嚴格的警察社會，其影響至今仍可見其一二，而殖民母國的特性之一，在於汲取資源供應母國，因此臺灣的各項產業也為供應母國而快速發展。The Taiwan Governor-General's Administration and Colonial Economy In order to smoothly govern Taiwan, the Japanese not only carried out a large amount of infrastructure construction, but also conducted extensive surveys on Taiwanese people. However, to govern the Taiwanese, it is not only necessary to start with infrastructure construction, but also cultural transformation and education promotion are also important items; on the other hand, the establishment of the ruling system, and the deepening of the ruling power among the people, and the implementation of a strict police society, the influence of which can still be seen today. One of the characteristics of a colonial motherland is to extract resources to supply the motherland, so Taiwan's various industries also developed rapidly to supply the motherland.
9	製糖業的發展台灣製糖業發展甚久，至日治時期才有飛躍性的發展，新式製糖業進入後，完全改變台灣人的生活層面。但是，日本資本也在過程中消滅、茁壯，矢內原忠雄以新式製糖業為主，認為這是一個早熟的帝國主義，也是日本殖民並剝削臺灣人的明顯例子。Development of the sugar industry Taiwan's sugar industry has been developing for a long time, but it did not develop rapidly until the Japanese colonial period. After the introduction of the new sugar industry, it completely changed the living standards of Taiwanese people. However, Japanese capital was also destroyed and thrived in the process. Yanaihara Tadao mainly focused on the new sugar industry and believed that it was a premature imperialism and a clear example of Japan's colonization and exploitation of Taiwanese people.
10	食衣住行：社會發展與職業的多元邁入1920年代後，社會逐漸發展，中產階級也於焉產生，經濟情況普遍提高，新式教育與現代醫學觀念也帶進臺灣，綿密的交通網路象徵全島生活的緊密與經濟流動的頻繁，傳統漢人的社會概念已不足以解釋快速發展的社會，因應新的科技或觀念引進，新的職業也應運而生，如公車司機、護理師、助產士、接線生等，此時的都市是熱鬧而繁華的，新的飲食觀念也相繼引進，這是一個發展中的社會。Food, clothing, housing and transportation: social development and occupational diversity After entering the 1920s, society gradually developed, the middle class also emerged, the economic situation generally improved, new education and modern medical concepts were also introduced to Taiwan, and the dense transportation network symbolized the closeness of life on the island and the frequent economic flow. The traditional Han Chinese social concept was no longer sufficient to explain the rapidly developing society. In response to the introduction of new technologies or concepts, new occupations also emerged, such as bus drivers, nurses, midwives, and telephone operators. At this time, the city was lively and prosperous, and new dietary concepts were also introduced one after another. This was a developing society.
11	資本主義的出現：米糖相剋與諸問題臺灣產業以初級農業及加工為主，製糖業是臺灣各地的重要工廠，南部地區為要供應糖廠，多只能接受種植甘蔗，隨著1926年蓬萊米的問世，在外銷日本的誘因下，農民開始有多的選擇，於是米與糖之間遂產生相剋作用；經濟的矛盾不僅是在農業，隨著資本主義的強勢，勞工與資本家之間的衝突開始增多。The emergence of capitalism: the conflict between rice and sugar and various problems Taiwan’s industries are mainly primary agriculture and processing. The sugar industry is an important factory in various parts of Taiwan. In order to supply sugar factories, the southern region can only accept the planting of sugarcane. With the advent of Penglai rice in 1926, under the inducement of export to Japan, farmers began to have more choices, so there was a conflict between rice and sugar; economic contradictions are not only in agriculture. With the strength of capitalism, conflicts between workers and capitalists began to increase.
12	台灣人的本地資本除了稻米外，臺灣人的資本如何進行累積？台灣人的資本絕大多數以土地資本為主，藉由土地與稻米的強連結而深根其中，日本人無法置啄於此。本節將闡述臺灣人自清代以來的土地買賣與流動，至日治以後如何被流動，尤其日本會社進來後以資本力量來進行收購、合併，這些變動將影響到戰後數十年的社會。Taiwanese local capital In addition to rice, how do Taiwanese accumulate capital? Most Taiwanese capital is based on land capital, which is deeply rooted in the land and rice through the strong connection between land and rice. The Japanese cannot intervene here. This section will explain how Taiwanese land transactions and flows since the Qing Dynasty, and how it was moved after the Japanese occupation, especially after Japanese companies came in to use capital power to carry out acquisitions and mergers. These changes will affect society for decades after the war.
13	日治中後期臺灣社會生活與文化在步入現代化後，民眾的生活開始產生質變，中產階級的出現帶動社會的進步，接受新式教育的民眾成為社會新的菁英份子，他們開始帶來進步的各種觀念，如男女自由戀愛、勞動權益等；「臺灣人」的概念逐漸出現，這體現在戲劇、文學等層面之上。不過，在進入到1930年代中後期，臺灣民眾將明顯的改受到社會正在緊縮，進入到戰時體制，對中國與南洋的侵略正如火如荼地展開，戰爭即將到來。Social life and culture in Taiwan during the mid- to late-Japanese rule After entering modernization, people's lives began to change qualitatively. The emergence of the middle class led to social progress. People who received new education became the new elites of society. They began to bring various progressive concepts, such as free love between men and women, labor rights, etc. The concept of "Taiwanese" gradually emerged, which was reflected in drama, literature, etc. However, in the mid- to late 1930s, the Taiwanese people will obviously change because the society is tightening and entering a wartime system. The invasion of China and Southeast Asia is in full swing, and the war is about to come.
14	「回歸祖國」後的同床異夢 1945年以後，臺灣重回中華民國的懷抱，臺灣人熱烈擁抱中國，但是，隨著分開五十年之久的隔閡，使臺灣人與中國人開始產生觀念上的矛盾與衝突，最終釀成二二八事件。而隨著1949年政府播遷來臺帶來數百萬軍民，「族群」的對立又如幽靈般的盤踞在這片島嶼上每個人的心中，同床異夢或可貼切的形容戰後的臺灣社會之情況。而隨著美軍第七艦隊的來介入，使政府得以從兵荒馬亂中走出而逐漸累積力量，並推動各式的經濟建設，臺灣即將步入新的開發階段。"Sleeping in the same bed but dreaming different dreams" after "returning to the motherland" After 1945, Taiwan returned to the embrace of the Republic of China, and Taiwanese people warmly embraced China. However, with the estrangement of fifty years, Taiwanese and Chinese began to have ideological contradictions and conflicts, which eventually led to the February 28 Incident. With the government's relocation of millions of soldiers and civilians to Taiwan in 1949, the "ethnic" opposition was like a ghost in the hearts of everyone on this island. Sleeping in the same bed but dreaming different dreams may be an appropriate description of the situation of Taiwanese society after the war. With the intervention of the US Seventh Fleet, the government was able to get out of the chaos and gradually accumulate strength and promote various economic constructions. Taiwan is about
15	戰後初期的經濟崩潰 1945年後，台灣為中華民國治理，在1949年以前，臺灣被編入中國經濟圈的一環，此時臺灣的經濟是為中國所服務，1947年的上海經濟崩潰也連帶影響臺灣，法幣、金圓券對台灣衝擊甚深：與此同時臺灣百業蕭條，也成為228事件的導火線。Economic collapse in the early post-war period After 1945, Taiwan was governed by the Republic of China. Before 1949, Taiwan was incorporated into the Chinese economic sphere. At this time, Taiwan's economy served China. The economic collapse of Shanghai in 1947 also affected Taiwan. The legal currency and gold yuan had a profound impact on Taiwan. At the same time, Taiwan's industries were depressed, which also became the fuse of the 228 Incident.
16	土地改革與公營事業民營化 1953年臺灣實施土地改革，對臺灣人的土地資本造成嚴重衝擊，傳統教科書對於土地改革的印象多是正面的，但實際卻非如此，而是一種資本的剝奪。然而公營事業民營化對臺灣人的影響是深遠的，一方面，既使臺灣人得以將資本擴展至農林漁牧，一方面也獲得政府的名義上保護，台灣人的資本也與中國資本形成兩個明顯的壁壘。In 1953, Taiwan implemented land reform, which had a serious impact on the land capital of Taiwanese people. Traditional textbooks have a positive impression of land reform, but in reality it was not the case. It was a kind of capital deprivation. However, the privatization of public enterprises had a profound impact on Taiwanese people. On the one hand, it enabled Taiwanese people to expand their capital to agriculture, forestry, fishery and animal husbandry, and on the other hand, it also received nominal protection from the government. Taiwanese capital also formed two obvious barriers with Chinese capital.
17	十大建設與工業化 1960年代後，國民黨在台灣的統治已經穩固，1960年代以前的治理嚴格上可以視為是以復原為主的滾動式施政，1960年代後，十大建設陸續實施，加上工業區的設立，臺灣的工業化時代來臨，本節將探討工業化的各項問題，包括工業區、工人、資本。Ten Major Constructions and Industrialization After the 1960s, the Kuomintang's rule in Taiwan had been consolidated. The governance before the 1960s could strictly be regarded as a rolling policy with restoration as the main focus. After the 1960s, the Ten Major Constructions were implemented one after another, and with the establishment of industrial zones, Taiwan's industrialization era arrived. This section will explore various issues of industrialization, including industrial zones, workers, and capital.
18	期末測驗 final exam

學期成績計算及多元評量方式

Grading Policy

項次	配分項目/catagory	配分比例/Percentage	實務操作/accounting_practice
1	平時成績/Asssignments	30%	課堂討論
2	期中考成績/Midterm Exam	30%	期中檢閱
3	期末考成績/Final Exam	40%	學期報告
4	其他/other	0%	課堂表現

主要參考書目

References

陳宗仁，《雞籠山與淡水洋──東亞海域與臺灣早期史研究》，臺北：聯經出版社，2005。
歐陽泰(Tonio Andrade)著，鄭維中譯，《福爾摩沙如何變成臺灣府？》，台北：遠流出版社，2007。
陳其南，《臺灣的傳統中國社會》，臺北：允晨出版社，1991。
吳文星，《日治時期臺灣的社會領導階層》，臺北：五南出版社，2008。
周婉窈，《海行兮的年代──日本殖民統治末期臺灣史論集》，臺北：允晨文化有限公司，2003。
呂紹理，《展示臺灣：權力、空間與殖民統治的形象表述》，臺北：麥田出版社，2005。
涂照彥，李明峻翻譯，《帝國主義下的臺灣》，臺北：人間出版社，1999。

指定閱讀

Required Readings

周婉窈，〈山在瑤波碧浪中：總論明人的臺灣認識〉，《臺大歷史學報》40，頁93-148。
陳孔立，〈清代臺灣社會發展的模式問題—評「土著化」和「內地化」的爭論〉，《當代》第30期，頁61-75。
林滿紅，《茶、糖、樟腦業與晚清臺灣》，臺北：臺灣銀行經濟研究室，臺灣研究叢刊第115號，1978。
施添福，《清代在臺漢人的祖籍分布和原鄉生活方式》，台北：國立臺灣師範大學地理學系，1987。
張隆志，〈劉銘傳、後藤新平與臺灣近代化論爭—關於十九世紀臺灣歷史轉型期研究的再思考〉，收於國史館主編，《中華民國史專題第四屆討論會民國以來的史料與史學論文集》，頁2031-2056，臺北：國史館，1998。
張炎憲，〈臺灣文化協會的成立與分裂〉，收入張炎憲等編，《臺灣史論文精選（下）》，頁131-159，臺北：玉山社，1996。
呂紹理，〈日治時期臺灣的休閒生活與商業活動〉，黃富三等編《臺灣商業傳統論文集》，頁357-397，臺北：中央研究院臺灣史研究所籌備處，1999。
呂紹理，《水螺響起：日治時期臺灣社會的生活作息》，臺北：遠流出版社，1998。
陳翠蓮，《臺灣人的抵抗與認同一九二O—一九五O》，臺北：遠流出版公司，2008。
劉進慶，《臺灣戰後經濟分析》，臺北：人間出版社，2001。

教師座談/晤談地點與時間

Course Management SystemInstructor' Office and Office hours

學生請假規則

1. 學生請假悉依本校「學則」及「學生請假辦法」規定辦理。
2. 依本校「學則」第33條，曠課一小時，以缺課二小時論。學生某一科目之缺課總時數達該科全學期授課時數三分之一，經該科教師扣考後，即不准參加該科目之學期各項學習成績考試或評量。

課程平台

http://elearn.fgu.edu.tw